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(詳細はstrategic offensives conducted by the Red Army in the Campaign in Central Europe (1 January – 9 May 1945) during World War II. Its initial breakthrough phase was fought over four days, from 16 April until 19 April 1945, within the larger context of the Battle of Berlin. The Soviet military planners divide the frontal and pincer phases of the operation, named Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation into: :Stettin-Rostock Offensive Operation (16 April 1945 – 8 May 1945) by the 2nd Belorussian Front :Seelow-Berlin Offensive Operation (16 April 1945 – 2 May 1945) by the 1st Belorussian Front :Cottbus-Potsdam Offensive Operation (16 April 1945 – 2 May 1945) by the northern flank and Cavalry Mechanized Group of the 1st Ukrainian Front :Spremberg-Torgau Offensive Operation (16 April 1945 – 5 May 1945) by the southern flank of the 1st Ukrainian Front The battle included heavy fighting by the three Fronts of the Marshals of Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front, Georgy Zhukov's 1st Belorussian Front and Ivan Konev's 1st Ukrainian Front, that assaulted the defending Wehrmacht Army Group Vistula commanded by Colonel-General (Generaloberst) Gotthard Heinrici and Field Marshal Ferdinand Schörner's Army Group Centre. ==Combat operations== Most of the fighting took place during 1st Belorussian Front's assault on the Seelow Heights, that were defended by the German 9th Army (part of Army Group Vistula), in what became known as the ''Battle of the Seelow Heights''. 1st Ukrainian Front encountered much lighter resistance crossing the Neisse to penetrate defensive lines of Army Group Centre. In the early hours on 16 April 1945, the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation began with a massive bombardment by thousands of artillery pieces and Katyusha rockets in a barrage which was sustained for as long as two hours on some sectors of the front.〔Undoubtedly use of artillery was made throughout the operation, but initial bombardment rarely lasted longer than 2 hours, see pp.148–149, ''Soviet military operational art: in pursuit of deep battle'', (1991)〕 Shortly afterwards and well before dawn, the 1st Belorussian Front attacked across the Oder, and the 1st Ukrainian Front attacked across the Neisse. The 1st Belorussian Front was strengthened because it had the more difficult assignment and was facing the majority of the German forces in prepared defences.〔Beevor see References page 217〕〔Ziemke see References page 81〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle of the Oder–Neisse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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